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Ammon (; ; ) is a Semitic kingdom from the Bronze Age period occupying the east of the Jordan River, between the torrent valleys of Arnon and Jabbok, in present-day Jordan. The chief city of the country was ''Rabbah'' or ''Rabbath Ammon'', site of the modern city of Amman, Jordan's capital. Milcom and Molech (who may be one and the same) are named in the Bible as the gods of Ammon. The people of this kingdom are called "Children of Ammon" or "Ammonites".〔; 〕 ==Biblical narrative== The first mention of the Ammon in the Bible is in . It is stated there that they descended from Ben-Ammi, a son of Lot through incest with his younger daughter.〔 Bén'ámmî, literally means "''son of my people''". After the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, the daughters of Lot had sexual relations with their father, resulting in Ammon and his half brother, Moab, to be conceived. This narrative was previously considered literal fact, but is now generally interpreted as recording a gross popular irony by which the Israelites expressed their loathing of the Moabites and Ammonites. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Catholic Encyclopedia )〕 However, according to the same source, doubts remain as to whether the Isrealites would have been willing to attribute such an irony to Lot himself. The Bible record does not mention anything else of the nation until centuries later, when they invaded the Rephaim lands east of Jordan, between the Jabbok and Arnon, dispossessing them and dwelling in their place. The Ammonites referred to the giants as "Zamzummim." Shortly before the Israelite exodus, the Amorites west of Jordan, under King Sihon, invaded and occupied a large portion of the territory of Moab and Ammon. The invasion of the Amorites created a wedge and separated the two kingdoms. ((Numbers 21:21 )–(31 )).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=www.Bibler.org - Dictionary - Ammon )〕 The Israelites were commanded not to attack Ammonite land. Throughout the Bible, the Ammonites and Israelites are portrayed as mutual antagonists. During the Exodus, the Israelites were prohibited by the Ammonites from passing through their lands. The Ammonites soon allied themselves with Eglon of Moab in attacking against Israel. Throughout, the Ammonites kept claiming the Transjordan, their former territory occupied by the Israelites after obtaining it from Sihon. During the days of Jephthah, the Ammonites occupied the East of Jordan and started to invade Israelite lands west of the river.〔()〕 Jephthah became the leader of the victorious campaign against the Ammonites. The constant harassment of the Ammonites on Israelite communities east of the Jordan were the impetus behind the unification of the tribes under Saul. King Nahash of Ammon started to enslave the people of Jabesh-Gilead, and he threatened to gouge out the right eye of all the inhabitants. Eventually this led to an alliance with Saul and the Israelites, and a battle between the two nations, resulting in the victory of Israel and the forming of the Israelite Kingdom. During the reign of King David, the Ammonites humiliated David's messengers, and hired Syrian armies to attack Israel. This eventually ended in a war and a year-long siege of Rabbah, the capital of Ammon. The war ended with all the Ammonite cities being conquered and plundered, and the inhabitants being killed at David's command. When the Syrians of Damascus deprived the kingdom of Israel of their possessions east of the Jordan, the Ammonites became allies of Ben-hadad, and a contingent of 1,000 of them served as allies of Syria in the great battle of the Syrians and Assyrians at Qarqar in 854 BC in the reign of Shalmaneser III. The Ammonites, Moabites and the inhabitants of Seir (called "Ammonim") formed a coalition against Jehoshaphat of Judah. The coalition later was thrown to confusion, with the armies slaughtering one another. They were subdued and paid tribute to Jotham. After submitting to Tiglath-pileser they were generally tributary to Assyria, but have joined in the general uprising that took place under Sennacherib; but they submitted and they became tributary in the reign of Esar-haddon. Their hostility to Judah is shown in their joining the Chaldeans to destroy it ((2 Kings 24:2 )). Their cruelty is denounced by the prophet Amos ((Amos 1:13 )), and their destruction (with their return in the future) by Jeremiah ((Jeremiah 49:1 )–(6 )); Ezekiel ((Ezekiel 21:28 )–(32 )); and Zechariah ((Zechariah 2:8 ), (9 )). Their murder of Gedaliah ((2 Kings 25:22 )–(26 ); (Jeremiah 40:14 )) was a dastardly act. They may have regained their old territory when Tiglath-pileser carried off the Israelites East of the Jordan into captivity ((2 Kings 15:29 ); (1 Chronicles 5:26 )). Tobiah the Ammonite united with Sanballat to oppose Nehemiah ((Nehemiah 4 )), and their opposition to the Jews did not cease with the establishment of the latter in Judea. They also joined the Syrians in their wars with the Maccabees and were defeated by Judas.〔 According to both and , Naamah was an Ammonite. She was the only wife of King Solomon to be mentioned by name in the Tanakh as having borne a child. She was the mother of Solomon's successor, Rehoboam. The Ammonites presented a serious problem to the Pharisees because many marriages with Ammonite (and Moabite) wives had taken place in the days of Nehemiah. The men had married women of the various nations without conversion, which made the children not Jewish.〔The identity of those particular tribes had been lost during the ''mixing of the nations'' caused by the conquests of Assyria. As a result, people from those nations were treated as complete gentiles and could convert without restriction.〕 The legitimacy of David's claim to royalty was disputed on account of his descent from Ruth, the Moabite.〔The Babylonian Talmud points out that Doeg the Edomite was the source of this dispute. He claimed that since David was descended from someone who was not allowed to marry into the community, his male ancestors were no longer part of the tribe of Judah (which was the tribe the King had to belong to). As a result, he could neither be the king, nor could he marry any Jewish woman (since he descended from a Moabite convert). The Prophet Samuel wrote the Book of Ruth in order to remind the people of the original law that women from Moab and Ammon were allowed to convert and marry into the Jewish people immediately.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ammon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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